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Wichaichan
Krom Phra Ratchawang Bowon Wichaichan ((タイ語:กรมพระราชวังบวรวิไชยชาญ)) or Phra Ong Chao Yodyingyot (or Yingyot) (พระองค์เจ้ายอดยิ่งยศ) (6 April 1838 – 28 August 1885) was a Siamese Prince and member of the Chakri Dynasty. He was the eldest son of King Pinklao and Princess Aim, and thus nephew to King Mongkut (Rama IV). Wichaichan succeeded his father by being appointed the Front Palace and ''Vice King of Siam'' in 1868, during the reign of his cousin King Chulalongkorn (Rama V).〔Kesboonchoo Mead P.38〕 During his tenure the office of Front Palace was extremely powerful and rivalled that of the monarch's own. Inevitably the two forces clashed in the Front Palace crisis.〔http://www.thailaws.com (Second Sovereigns ). Retrieved on 2009-11-28〕 Wichaichan was defeated and the power of the Front Palace was greatly diminished. After his death in 1885, the last vestiges of the title were abolished in favour of a Crown Prince.〔Kesboonchoo Mead P.95〕
==Early life==
Phra Ong Chao Yodying Prayurayot Bovorn Rachorod Rattana Rachakumarn (พระองค์เจ้ายอดยิ่งประยุรยศบวรราโชรสรัตนราชกุมาร) was born on the 6 April 1838, the eldest son of Prince Chutamani and Princess Aim. It was said that his father gave him an English name in honour of his personal hero, the first President of the United States, George Washington.〔(Mongkut The King Of Siam ) Abbot Low Moffat, 1961. Retrieved 24 November 2009.〕 Therefore, he is sometimes referred to as ''Prince George Washington'' or ''Prince George''.〔Kesboonchoo Mead P.38〕〔〔(The Governess of the Siamese Court, Chapter XXV, Subordinate King ), Anna Harriette Leonowens, 1870. Retrieved 24 November 2009. on Project Gutenberg〕〔(SIAM: Mighty Monarch ) Time Magazine Archives, originally Monday, April 20, 1931. Retrieved 24 November 2009.〕 In May 1851 Prince Yodyingyot's father was elevated as Second King Pinklao or the Front Palace by his older brother King Mongkut (Rama IV). Pinklao also received from his brother all the styles, titles and honour of a monarch, despite never having been crowned himself.〔 During his childhood the Prince received a modern education, including the English language and modern sciences. It was said that he became an extremely skillful engineer.〔〔กรมพระราชวังบวรวิไชยชาญ Thai Wikipedia. Retrieved on 2009-12-01〕
After King Pinklao's death in 1866, King Mongkut decided not to appoint another Front Palace due to the fact that his own son Prince Chulalongkorn was only 12 years old. This meant that the position which was also that of the heir presumptive was left unoccupied (Siam had no law of succession at the time, but the Vice King was seen as the strongest claimant).〔Kesboonchoo Mead P.60〕 Fearing instability, Chao Phraya Si Suriyawongse (Chuang Bunnag) the Kalahom (one of the Prime Ministers of Siam)〔(King Mongkut of Siam and his Treaty with Britain ), Robert Bruce. Retrieved on 2009-11-26〕 tried to persuade the King to appoint Prince Yodyingyot to succeed King Pinklao. Si Suriyawongse was a member of the powerful Bunnag family, which had dominated the running of the Siamese government since the reign of King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II). The King refused to appoint Yodyingyot, instead he elevated the Prince to ''Krom Muen Bowon Wichaichan'' or Prince Bowon Wichaichan in 1867. This meant Wichaichan was only made ''a'' Prince of the Front Palace but not the actual title of Front Palace.〔 Since 1865 the Prince was also the commander of the Front Palace's naval forces.
Wichaichan was a great friend of the British Consul-General to Siam: Thomas George Knox, he was originally recruited by Pinklao to modernize the Front Palace's armed forces. Knox greatly preferred the mature and experienced Wichaichan — who was also the son of one of the most westernized member of the elite to ascend the throne — over the young Chulalongkorn.〔Kesboonchoo Mead P.44〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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